slatestarcodex autism

E.g. corticalchauvinism. 3% confidence is far too large. Being 1.5 standard deviations less socially adept than the average girl might make you weird, but not problematic, while being 1.5 standard deviations less socially adept than the average boy might make you a classroom / societal problem. For example, they are not extremely aggressive, but tend to be gentle individuals. With that said, Im not an expert and there is a vast literature rummaging around for genetic correlates to autism, so Im mostly going by the linked paper above. Why on Earth one would assume that the effect of genes that contribute to IQ should be linearly additive and increasing to ad infinitum. This would explain low-functioning autism from de novo mutations or obstetric trauma (the foundation is so weak that it fails no matter how short the tower is). And rich people, on average, receive better medical care particularly rich white people. Every year, we get like 4 or 5 students who are just ready for hardcore abstract mathematics from the get go, and since a few years my university allows them to take masters level lectures as early as they want. (I have predicted conversations, but only because the other person forgot we already had it. Gifted children dont always have gifted families, though. The fact that nobody has noticed and studied an effect in a subgroup is evidence that the subgroup does not have a large effect. One of psychiatry's many embarrassments is how many of our drugs get discovered by accident. Most of these seem to be related to social ability. I. Sure, most of them. Commentary: The autistic community is having a reckoning with ABA If Im not, that suggests one of three things: Most successful businessmen. And it would also explain why there are many extremely intelligent people who dont have autism at all (you can build arbitrarily tall towers if your foundation is strong enough). And second, doesnt it say that in the bottom graph, the dotted and solid lines represent unadjusted and adjusted estimates, respectively? Strongly agree. Interestingly, other/unspecified PDD and atypical autism also have a significantly higher PRS for neuroticism than childhood autism and Aspergers. This confuses me a little. This reminds me of something a past friend mentioned. Thats exactly what we observe here. ), There is a (high functioning) autistic musician named Henny Kupferstein who spends a lot of time teaching piano to autistic kids. But by intelligence mean the ability of a complex system (a brain) to operate effectively; so being smart is much more similar to being able to run really fast or having a good immune system.. Dr. Laura Baur is a psychiatrist with interests in literature review, reproductive psychiatry, and relational psychotherapy; see her website for more. Overall scores could continue to rise due to the Flynn effect even as intelligence is being selected against on a genetic level, which is what the evidence is suggesting. If the mums with low functioning autistic children, the ones I spoke to described the fathers as losers or deadbeats. This makes a very strong auditory learner. It is where his bread is buttered professionally, but I wish he would think more deeply about it. Two of our three kids had extremely large heads as babies. a sort of arrangement where if you pick up to four of them you get enhanced intelligence, five or six and you get high-functioning intelligent autism, and seven or more and your brain crashes on boot-up and the autism stops you from functioning. Titrated use of alcohol in pregnancy and general precautions regarding healthy eating during pregnancy. Because a masculinizing influence on the brain would militate against the development of brain structures telling the autistic person you are actually a girl.. These are the people that make the Turing test invalid, youd think they were the chatbot. I think somewhere in the 90s percentile of IQ is plausibly normal by SSC standards. But studies show autistic people generally have lower intelligence than neurotypical controls, often much lower. Id cheerfully get in bed with the military-industrial complex -in fact, Id probably be rock-hard the whole time. And, being a fairly intelligent person himself, he agreed that it didnt make much sense, but it didnt change that fact that he was able to overpower equally muscular people through sheer force in the ring. These 3 have a near 100% incidence rate among civil service employees that Ive had to interact with. These three buckets and a few other less important factors combine to determine autism risk for any individual. Many such cases with Aspergers (me too), whereas for high functioning autism the deficit is inverted for processing vs visuo-spatial. Hrm. One study found that 69% of autistic people had an IQ below 85 (the average IQ of a high school dropout). What do SSC readers think? My son was measured using the full Weschler and most of his scores were 96-99th percentile (thats VERY high). Theres a new paper out on how the frequency of variants that affect educational achievement (which also affect IQ) have been changing over time in Iceland. Slate Star Codex For, Then Against, High-Saturated-Fat Diets Posted on March 10, 2020 by Scott Alexander I. 80,000 Hours researches different problems and professions to help you figure out how to do as much good as possible. Kraus et al. iq | Slate Star Codex 10 hours ago View Detailed Check-in. Im skeptical of the extreme male brain hypothesis for autism. I still sometimes feel bad about whether that ended up slightly ruining some sort of investigation into which methods of teaching spelling were better or something like that. Theres a range for this parameter, selection in the past has left most of the population too low, but if you push the parameter up too high things will break. I think (as an interested amateur, not an expert) that the most plausible answer is that human intelligence depends on getting lots of stuff right. There is also some link to male sex, I do believe that there are higher levels of males with low intelligence autism. and b) people diagnosed with autism using current criteria are quite prevalent in the community and presumably functioning in their communities. The high end should stay the same, in much the way that the high end of human lifespan is only a little longer now than in 1800its just that a lot more people make it to 90 or 100 with modern medical care. There are different levels of the concept we call perfect pitch. One other effect of this change in labelling, is that studies of autistics before and after the renaming cant be combined into any kind of meta-study, unless they are both much more detailed in their description of the grouyp they are measuring, and happen to target the same people. I really like this change. Ive looked into this topic myself, not professionally or anything-just as an interested lay researcher with a science/statistics background- and had a less well-articulated formulation of the tower vs. foundation model in mind for awhile, too. Pure speculation on my part, but I wonder if part of the link between autism and high intelligence mightnt be explained by a non-linear relationship akin to that between arousal and performance. Seattle Anxiety Specialists are a therapy practice helping people overcome anxiety and related mental health issues (eg GAD, OCD, PTSD) through evidence based interventions and self-exploration. We were grouped with autistic including low functioning autistics. Blacks have an infant mortality rate more than twice as high as whites do. Substack is a blogging site that helps writers earn money and readers discover articles they'll like. no IQb + mgl: normal This study of three large birth cohorts finds a correlation between genetic risk for autism and cognitive ability (beta = 0.07). The differences between 99% and 99.5% get swamped by other differences between people within that group in traits like energy or perseverance or whatever. 2. Its not about purely not working out, although I would say natural strength is a part of it (almost every wrestler can increase his in-match power through lifting still), its about the muscles being coordinated and firing at the right angles and right times to actually accomplish something. According to the different mechanism theory, they should have more, but by the collapsing tower theory, they should have fewer. The autism epidemic may have been caused by assortative mating (people with subclinical autism marrying other people with subclinical autism producing children who are autistic) The sort of people that would do polygenic scoring for IQ are exactly the sort of people whose children might already be at risk for autism (high systemisers) The best-studied are probably obstetric complications, eg a baby gets stuck in the birth canal and cant breathe for a long time. Low IQ fathers are less likely to be available due to death/imprisonment/not being around anymore/maybe not even knowing who the father is. Have children earlier, maybe? This shows a) there isnt much of a childhood autism epidemic going on, its more likely that previous underdiagnosis occurred. Of the autistics I personally know (through common support groups), the Aspergers all have a parent who is an engineer or computer scientist of some sort. i do wish you wouldnt use the phrase autism risk. Slate Star Codex - Wikipedia Most of my coworkers (except for the youngest ones) are married, and many have children. The mothers of red-green colorblind individuals are frequently tetrachromats. It's kind of sick. Some people worry about assortative mating in Silicon Valley: highly analytical tech workers marry other highly analytical tech workers. Indeed, higher survival rates over time might also explain why were seeing a real increase in the number of autistic children over time more of them are living long enough to be diagnosed with autism in the first place. Theres one other possible source of systematic bias in the data: living and available parents, especially fathers. With more aggressive screening for such things, we would see a much smaller diagnosis gap. Id say his IQ is similar to or higher than mine (around 135.). no IQb + low genetic load : high intelligence, sociable, not so technically inclined Earned the Untappd at Home (Level 12) badge! I dont know. This gene developed in Africa, and can be seen as a fundamental reason for the transatlantic slave trade. And if you do have a more challenging child, youll have more energy to deal with it as a younger parent. The lectins in wheat interfere with leptin receptors, making people leptin resistant and therefore obese. If you're interested in testing yourself and contributing to their project, check out their questions page. Just install an extension and when you buy something, people in poverty will get medicines, bed nets, or financial aid. however, ASD without these two confounders shows no correlation with IQ. Genes are not something where you can say, this is good, more of it will be better. If thats the case, if the Flynn effect ever slows down or goes into reverse wed be in quite a bit of trouble, and Scandanavia could be the canary in the coalmine for that process. For what its worth, I was diagnosed with Aspergers (which has now been folded into autism) at age 12 and as part of the diagnosis they did an IQ test with a processing IQ component and a verbal IQ component, and although the documents I have dont list the actual scores, the result is referred to in the documents as being very high in the verbal component and very low in the processing component. the kind of social impairment characteristic of bright but shy and social awkward people has much if anything to do at a deep level with the impairment experienced by non-verbal children with profound intellectual disabilities, despite the fact that we have built a social system that applies a similar label to both. I know plenty of highly intelligent people who nonetheless have very poor impulse control particularly when it comes to libidinous desires! More copies of a good gene are almost universally detrimental. To some extent, incompatible advantages can stack by affecting entirely different things (one runner with salutary mutations affecting his legs, his lungs, and his adrenal gland) But to some extent they cant. All this is a purely hypothetical thought-experiment, of course. I dont know why, but my prior is that the mothers age matters more. Parents of kids with autism fought for decades to get various benefits and supports, and in comes parents of kids with high-functioning autism, scooping up the same benefits. Giving What We Can is a charitable movement promoting giving some of your money to the developing world or other worthy causes. While autism (or at least diagnosed autism) is rarer in girls, its very much not unheard of. The specific way the model plays out may be through perceptual intelligence out of balance with verbal and rotational intelligence causing autism (3% confidence), (The post is awesome, heres a few errata, feel free to delete this after reading.) Someone at the 90th percentile of weight back then weighed about 185 lbs; today, he would weigh 320 lbs. I could easily see someone unable to focus, stuck in a room banging their head just trying to make the noise go away. However, once it exceeds a certain threshold, the network starts learning things that dont make any sense, and then when it tries to correct those mistakes it goes too far in the other direction again. Perhaps different people train their brain using different optimization strategies, and when you optimize too well you risk ending up in the autistic basin of configuration space, which does well in the environment a fetus or baby faces. She has absolute pitch, an attribute that is quite rare in the general population, but she says an amazingly high proportion of her autistic students have it to some degree, even when they didnt know it. Wheat has been genetically modified recently in ways that make it much worse for you. That would give me more than enough money to give the middle finger to all the ignorant normies in our politically correct society, with plenty left over to hire some bodyguards and build mechanical defense systems to insulate me from any of the outraged pearl-clutching idiots who decided to use physical violence against me when their threat of social sanctioning wasnt enough. And autistic people have more health issues than non-autistic people do. Suppose also that these autism spectrum traits are associated with negative outcomes such as mental retardation, social nonfunction, etc. EDIT: So the genes are a correlation but not a cause of the autism, which is due to factors incidentally related to the high IQ, for example the advanced age of the parents? Given the problems measuring IQ in autistic people (spiky profiles, huge differences between ravens vs. weschler) its also possible that intellectual disabilities are overreported at 15%. If you mean extraverted, no small number. too many CAG repeats and the area destabilizes and you get runaway anticipation that wipes out later generations of your family. Causation not detected through a randomized controlled trial In Graph A, we see that if a child has autism (but not intellectual disability), their likelihood of having a father with any particular IQ (orange line) is almost the same as the likelihood of a neurotypical child having a father of that IQ (dotted line). If you're interested in this, consider taking their Pledge as a formal and public declaration of intent. Find company research, competitor information, contact details & financial data for SYNPSH of CROIX, HAUTS DE FRANCE. Other possible explanation(s): Some kind of anxiety about doing things wrong, combined with worrying about whether one is supposed to be able to do a thing yet. Its also a chapter of The 10,000 Year Explosion. Agreed. Im not sure how normal she is, but an acquaintance through RenFaire is head of some Army Corps of Engineers office in the Bay Area, and shes one of the very few people I consider noticeably more intelligent than me. You could compare those estimates for IQ to those for height. This pattern is not uncommon (my son followed this trajectory), and is partly responsible for the even less uncommon belief that vaccines cause autism, because the regression coincides with vaccination. linear or quadratic around the average and possibly tapers off sub-linearly on the tails. Combining information from a wide variety of studies, Gaugler et al estimate that about 52% of autism risk is attributable to ordinary familial genes, 3% to rare de novo mutations, 4% to complicated non-additive genetic interaction effects, and 41% unaccounted, which may be non-genetic factors or genetic factors we dont understand and cant measure. The familial genes mentioned above: common genes that increase IQ and that evolution positively selects for. Slate Star Codex was a blog by Scott Alexander about human cognition Press J to jump to the feed. I would expect a challenge, in testing the intelligence of Autistics. Low IQ people are more likely to end up dead or in jail, and are less likely to be in stable nuclear families. Well, I think its certainly a reasonable possibility, which in my experience appears to be true, that beyond a certain point, intelligence either directly causes weirdness or is reliant upon it as a foundation. but heres the thing, I cant come back from the store with six bags of graham crackers and confidently say alright, were gonna make a BUNCH of smores now. To really make a lot, we need all marshmallows, chocolate, AND graham crackersand adding a bunch of one factor does absolutely nothing, and may in fact hinder the whole operationsimilarly, its fallacious to suggest that because some factors dial up, they must all be good things that should be dialed up without limitthat crackling fire is a necessary component, but it doesnt need to go any higherif it does, if we have a big ole bonfire for example, the whole process actually gets harder. Given that many drugs both medical and recreational appear to affect similarly subtle parameters broadly through relatively simple molecules, theres no reason to assume they cant be much more specifically fine-tuned through genetics. Thats sounds like a significant amount of epistasis in IQ, so I agree its not that weird that a few people end up very different than youd expect from a purely additive genetics + additive environment model. Wheat: Much More Than You Wanted To Know But I dont think there is overlap between the genetic factors for high-functioning and low-functioning autism. On the first level its obviously because of the genetic abnormalities they have, but its not like we could look at those gene differences and predict that those features would develop in that way. A couple of property developers Ive worked with. The genes and developmental stuff is one part, an enriching environment in childhood is another, and the physical requirements (adequate nutrition and good health and few toxins present during critical parts of brain development in childhood, continued good health in adulthood). Ah, that would explain the discrepancy. Higher IQ people have lower infant mortality rates than lower IQ people. This could be constructed as autistic behavior, but I dont buy it. The difference between high and low functioning autistic children is significant. In this model, theres a ceiling to your intellectual ability thats set by each of those components. The people who have the genes to be the smartest humans can hit somewhere close to their potential by happening to have the right environment, enough food and no development-stunting diseases during critical times, etc. She is a university qualified computer systems engineer. Because he was as skilled as me, and had real muscles. Maybe even only a small fraction of potential arrangements are just right to produce ever-increasing levels of some capability in the phenotype. Our ages when our son (1st child) was born were 27 (me) and 26 (my wife), and for our daughter (3rd child) we were 31 and 30. Score: Being able to observe a large variety of children with autism (due to activities at the charter school), I agree that autism is a very strange catch-all with many different types of children diagnosed. Giftedness makes people more idiosyncratic. Your model of too much of a good thing seems to, to my non-doctor, non-expert mind, fit perfectly. Brasserie Cambier - Croix, Hauts-de-France - Untappd Greg Cochran has a paper that discusses this and other IQ/genetic disease in Jews links here. Youre starting with the premise intelligence is incompatible with normality and then reflexively dismissing all evidence to the contrary with theyre not really normal, theyre just pretending. Which is 1.) Many definitions of autism center around forms of poor functioning which are correlated with low intelligence. That there is some knob which, as you turn it up, it increases intelligence, until you get it too high and then it blows up due to some fact about the dynamics of the system that we dont understand yet. Are there other mental disorders that track with intelligence? 47.3k members in the slatestarcodex community. Some of the genetic diseases of Eastern Eurpoean Jews are correlated with intelligence, IIRC, but I dont think they have mental effects. Find company research, competitor information, contact details & financial data for AUCHAN RETAIL INTERNATIONAL of CROIX, HAUTS DE FRANCE. For such individuals, perfect pitch is almost always the indicator that highly refined processing is available in these areas of immediate reception of sound. Energy/perseverance/drive and other harder to measure factors. I am not saying they have the full disorder (and no its not a partisan snipe, except to the extent that being very skeptical of the US bureaucratic class is partisan). My understanding is that gender dysphoria is associated with certain structures or traits of the brain- transwomen tend to have certain identifiable feminized brain structures, and transmen to have masculinized brain structures. And her failure to understand social cues lets her be taken advantage of by lower-quality men, who have sexually abused her on multiple occasions. This is interesting to me, since I am on a career path to become a high end career civil servant, GS-12 at 25 years old for those that know what that means, and I am anything but normal. It would explain the association of genes for intelligence with autism (holding foundation strength constant, the taller the tower, the more likely a failure). This friend had been working for many years with Leroy Hood. Any chance its just a matter of recessive genes? [Thanks to Marco DG for proofreading and offering suggestions]. Why? This is consistent with the existence of people in the past who seem to be about as bright as humans get. In sum, these findings suggest that neurodevelopmental social impairment exists in varied forms with varied etiologies and varied pathophysiologies, but the ASD diagnostic criteria do not identify a valid entity, Link to the entire piece https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40489-016-0085-x.pdf. If the extreme male brain hypothesis is true, then those girls have unusually masculinized brains. autism polygenic risk scores attached to Tinder profiles Could you elaborate? But they can only screen for de novo mutations they know about, and it could be that they just missed some. unsurprisingly, ID is inversely correlated with IQ; ADHD also shows a strong inverse correlation with IQ. Because they lacked the development of the auditory processing, it was very draining for them because it mostly came across as a large amount of noise. They get offended more if you question them than normal lawyers do, they have the 4chan-y social awkwardness that those communities jokingly call autism, etc. They come from random plants or shiny rocks or stuff Alexander Shulgin invented to get high. The selection findings are across historical time, not recent industrial time, and theyve found that IQ is being selected for as well. The brain has hyperparameters, just like an artificial neural network. It is known that gifted kids can be misdiagnosed as autism, ADHD or both, but many psychologist never bother doing IQ tests, or do them, but then ignore the results. (remember that no intellectual disability just means IQ over 70, and so many of these not-intellectually-disabled people may still have low intelligence I wish the paper had quantified this). He has the making of a superb engineer. I dont think you can model the autism-IQ correlation using a simple additive genetic model. These questions interest me because I know a lot of people who are bright nerdy programmers married to other bright nerdy programmers, and sometimes they ask me if their children are at higher risk for autism. However, history doesnt always predict the future. This has nothing to do with the OP, but I will definitely comment on your wrestling example, as a wrestler. So by comparison, I could imagine that theres a bunch of gene variants that increase limb length, and that if you have a certain number of these you get some nice Usain Bolt proportions that help you win races. Ive known people who were very mathematically and/or technically inclined who had poor social skills. (Note that if autism is really one thing [not a complex syndrome], with high and normal functioning individuals, and high vs normal correlates with IQ, then if you only measure the normal autistics, youd get results like the above, due to sampling bias. But for me the key point is that high-intelligence fathers show a trend (albeit not significant in this study) to be more likely than average to have children with autism and intellectual disability. My outside view intuition is that gut bacteria are the new priming and also literally HTTLPR. Im tending towards a resolution-processing power version now, as I have considered it more, with high resolution being a burden if you dont have the processing power to deal with it, but my thoughts are incomplete. For example, they may dislike the father for not doing enough when the kid is self-harming from overstimulation. I have a female acquaintance who was diagnosed with autism. was too big to go through the birth canal! Indeed, blacks, Hispanics, and Native Americans all have higher levels of overall learning disabilities than whites do. Yes indeed. (Always Sunny parodied this phenomenon with Mac, who only works out his glamour muscles.). One possibility would be something like a tower-vs-foundation model. Girls also get autism, but seem to stay undiagnosed much more often. Its not because simply being small or being large or having a flat face are inherently unhealthy traits; there are other species that are much smaller than Yorkies, much larger than Great Danes, and have flatter faces than Pugs, without suffering any problems as a result. (That said, it becomes an incredibly strong correlation if youre taking mentally disabled people into account, as people with IQs below 70 tend to have extremely poor social skills.). Or if (as really happens) it turns out that smart, ambitious people usually have their kids a decade later than dumb, unambitious people and usually the smart, ambitious people only have enough time in their fertility window for one kid while the dumb ones have time for three. More, you have probably already settled into an existence that minimizes their importance to you by the time you have enough information to piece together the importance of predictability. Each genes benefit is based on underlying assumptions about how the body works, and if you change enough of those assumptions, the entire edifice becomes a failure. This is a great post. Also also, Crespi is one of those scientists who constantly has much more interesting theories than anyone else (eg), and this makes me suspicious. This is what we find; see Table 4 here. This is a common situation, but not with many genes of small effect. The Western world (taken to mean Europe and the Anglosphere) comprises roughly 1/6th of the global population, which means there should be about 125,000 Westerners who are both incredibly smart and incredibly charismatic. My parents were optometrists. Each of us have different stories to share. 1. Of 11 types of psychiatric condition, only autism was associated with increased intelligence among relatives. Also, IQ over 70 should be IQ under 70, and people have have autism should be people who have autism. This makes it difficult to analyse high functioning autistics separate from those who would have previously been distinguished as having Aspergers. I was under the impression, that IQ was culturally biased, as DNA Markers would be. Slate Star Codex, which sprung up in 2013, helped her develop a "calibrated trust" in the medical system.
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