Young men and women from Germany or Britain. Advertisement New questions in History Previous Advertisement Before 1450, Europeans did not play a prominent role on the global stage, but after 1450, Europeans were the main puppeteers of the global economy. New crops and livestock changed eating habits and largely increased the global population. England was a majority Protestant country, but had a Catholic minority. What continuities in networks of exchange existed in relation to the 1200 to 1450 time period? The Songhai Empire is known for its cultural achievements and its role as a major regional power. A Roman Catholic tribunal for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy - especially the one active in Spain during the 1400s. . Claimed there were only 2 sacraments: baptism and communion. A Japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai, a dynasty of shoguns that ruled a unified Japan from 1603 to 1867, Muslim ruler who led Songhai to the height of its power. The Russian Empire came to an end in the early 20th century, following the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the subsequent collapse of the monarchy. A Protestant denomination of the Christian faith founded by Henry VIII in England when he wasn't allowed by the Pope to divorce. At its greatest extent, the empire extended to three continents -- stretching from the Balkans in southeastern Europe across Anatolia, Central Asia, Arabia, and North Africa, thanks in large part to the Ottoman military and its use of gunpowder. At the bottom was the largest class of peasants, many of whom sank into debt and were forced into serfdom. What methods were used by the Aztec Empire to collect taxes? Europeans built empires that stretched across oceans included territories in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. (indirect object), d.o.d.o.d.o. Emperor who reigned from 1736-1795. Women were treated fairly, there was religious tolerance, and education was highly valued. \end{array} The Ottomans were religiously tolerant of Jews and Christians, which allowed these groups to thrive and contribute economically. How did Islamic Emperors use religion to legitimize their power 1450-1700? This blood is provided through wars, conquests and POW sacrifices. A, For those empires that expanded overseas, there were two major types that corresponded more to the situation of the colonized regions. The Mughal emperors, particularly Akbar, Shah Jahan, and Jahangir, were patrons of the arts and encouraged the development of a distinct Mughal style of art and architecture. The answers consists of vocabulary words. Following the Xinhai Revolution, which ended imperial rule in China, the Qing Empire was dissolved in 1912. The Aztecs followed a religion based on the worship of a pantheon of gods, and they were known for their elaborate ceremonies and human sacrifices. Unit 3: Land-Based Empires (1450-1750) Flashcards | Quizlet Unit 3: Land-Based Empires (1450-1750) 5.0 (5 reviews) Term 1 / 58 Manchu Dynasty (Qing) Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 58 The last imperial dynasty of China. \hline \text { Groups } & {\text { Count }} &{\text { Average }} \\ Utilization of religious ideas to solidify rule. Europeans had trading posts in Africa because they then had access to slaves, ivory, gold, and grain. Ruled from 1644 until 1911. The French were the least important empire but they had military supremacy. Negative - disease, environmental issues, more money being spent to fix the issues. The, Newtons Laws of Gravitation, Astronomical Charts, Better mapmaking, Astrolabe, Lateen sail, Compass, New ships (caravel, carrack, fluyt), Established Spanish links to Americas and Asia, Harvested cash crops, worked plantations, maintained homes. The split intensified because of political rivalries of the Ottoman and Safavid empires and how they connected to Islam. The Protestant Reformation increased literacy through Europe, created civil rights, gave states more power, and led to modern democracy. Your time is up. In this empire art and literature flourished. The Mughals, under Akbar and several of his successors, were religiously tolerant of the Hindu majority which allowed themselves to be seen as legitimate rulers. Why does it have these characteristics? Trade thrived and art led to success. Although mixed children existed, primarily because of forced assaults, the societal norm was segregation and policies supported this tradition. Eliminate repetition by replacing the boldfaced word or words with a synonym from your lesson words. After studying on your own, invite some friends to a, The Ming and Qing Dynasty in modern China, The Mughal Empire in modern India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, The Safavid Empire in modern Iran and Iraq, The Ottoman Empire (some parts of the Ottoman Empire were in Europe) in modern Turkey, Egypt, Syria and Jordan, Aztec Empire (also known as the Mexica, for the dominant cultural group within the empire). The Atlantic Slave Trade began immediately after the Portuguese arrived in Africa, but seriously expanded after Native American populations were decimated. States utilized the economic, political and military contributions of different ethnic and religious groups. Repeat part (a) with a sample size of 10. King on a raised platform surrounded by 700 Eunuchs; only approached lying down on the ground. \text { Within } \\ How did this affect ideas of government? Between 1680-1707, the Maratha rebellion continued until they killed the Mughal leader Aurangzeb. 1. Ottoman sultan called the "Conqueror"; responsible for conquest of Constantinople in 1453; destroyed what remained of Byzantine Empire. Positive - new products were being traded, allies were made, wealth, plantation farming increased The Tokugawa Shogunate implemented a number of policies that had a lasting impact on Japan, including the sakoku policy, which isolated Japan from the rest of the world and restricted foreign trade and contact. The Dutch Empire was a global empire that was centered in the Netherlands and that controlled a significant portion of the world from the 16th to the early 20th century. In the twentieth century, the British Empire began to decline. Europeans, after the scientific revolution, were often more advanced with technology and weapons, leading to their dominance in the colony. It was one of the largest and most long-lasting empires in world history. The Russian Empire is known for its cultural achievements and its role as a major world power. Negative - no immunity to new diseases, slave rebellion, environmental issues from the new technologies and food. What is a land-based empire? The Inca Empire came to an end in the 16th century, when it was conquered by the Spanish conquistadors, led by Francisco Pizarro. How did social hierarchies change in this time? You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser, In the Manifest Destiny Nearpod and videos, there was an image of people moving and in the center, there was a woman in white. What changes in networks of exchange existed in relation to the 1200 to 1450 time period? How did leaders legitimize their rule through architecture 1450-1700? Heres a few examples of how states were challenged between 1450-1750: After the British and Dutch pushed the Portuguese out of India, they turned their attention to expanding their role in the African slave trade. The decimation of lands and peoples made it difficult to preserve this history. The Ottomans were patrons of the arts and encouraged the development of a distinct Ottoman style of art and architecture. What were the characteristics of the Mughal Empire? The demographic effects of the slave trade in Africa were unprecedented. How did religion lead to conflict in Europe 1450-1700? Maybe. How did land based empires in 1450-1700 use religious tolerance? 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. Rulers used a variety of methods to legitimize and consolidate power in land- based empires. Why were large powerful militaries & elite cadres of soldiers essential in this 1450-1700? Africans were kidnapped, often with the help of local rulers, and brought to the New World. It was founded by Ismail I, who established the Safavid Dynasty and declared Twelver Shia Islam the official religion of the empire. The work of harvesting cash crops and mining silver was labor intensive. In Asia, the trend was toward large, land-based empires which were controlled from a central capital city. The Songhai Empire was a major regional power in West Africa and had a significant influence on the culture and history of the region. The Spanish Empire was a global empire centered in Spain that ruled over a large portion of the world from the 15th to the early 19th centuries. Slavery was a major driver of maritime trade relations. Their contributions to Persian art, literature, and culture, as well as their military campaigns against the Ottoman Empire, are well known. Bureaucracy/Military (ex. How did the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912), in China centralize their bureaucracies? From 1368 to 1644, China was ruled by the Ming dynasty. For example, they forced all men to wear their hair in. US military Unit 3: Land-Based Empires (1450-1750) Context Practice Instructions: Write a contextual statement for each of the prompts below. The Portuguese Empire declined in the nineteenth century. ruled Mughal India, known for religious tolerance. China and Japan has isolationist policies as it motivated the desire to prevent forgein influences to disrupt their core values. Akbar was very tolerant of religions and removed the jizya. It came to an end in the mid-18th century, when it was conquered by the Afghan Hotaki dynasty. The Dutch were high rollers in this time and played a main role in finance. Describe the isolationist policies of China and Japan. It was also known for its impressive architectural achievements, such as the construction of roads, aqueducts, and terraced agriculture. It was the world's largest country by land area, covering more than one-sixth of the planet's land surface, and the third most populous. What could be done about them? What were the challenges to state power and expansion? The Romanov dynasty ruled the Russian Empire, which was distinguished by a strong government and a rigid hierarchy. Mongol leader who conquered Persia and Mesopotamia, started the Ghazi model for warriors. France, Spain, Netherlands, Portugal, England, 13 colonies, and the coast of African colonies all supported maritime explorations. The Songhai Empire was a West African empire that ruled over a large territory that included parts of modern-day Mali, Niger, Senegal, Burkina Faso, and Nigeria from the 14th to the 16th century. The Safavid Empire was an eastern Islamic state that existed from the early 16th to the mid-18th centuries. By the name it may seem obvious, and it is to an extent. Describe European maritime empires: British. How did the Mexica Aztec justify imperial rule? . They are still back seat to the Land Based empires. How did leaders legitimize their rule through art 1450-1700? Cash crops were profitable, but required a lot of labor. While the West African people were defending themselves from foreign attacks (external challenges), the Russians were dealing with internal challenges. Spiritual equality and education so you can read the bible. The Mughal Empire was characterized by a period of economic, cultural, and architectural prosperity, and it is regarded as one of India's greatest empires. 4. In the Americas, Indigenous groups rebelled against European conquest. \hline \text { Column 4 } & {10} & {365} \\ Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 22 They blended Christian and Islamic faiths into their empire. \end{array} & 2314.71 & 36 & 64.30 & & & \\ What court rituals did the Songhai Empire (c. 1464 - 1591), in West Africa centralize their bureaucracies? In AP World History: Modern, Unit 4 spans from 1450 CE to 1750 CE and accounts for 12-15% of the material on the exam. Because of this, economic development in Africa was stalled for centuries and these regions were left vulnerable to the imperial conquest of Europeans. Finally, a new elite class emerged called the. With over 1500 different dialects, most slaves did not share a common language, which meant that native tongues were lost over time. The demand for exploration led to new technological innovations. The Ottoman, Mughal and Russian empires conquered other lands from 1450-1750 and either proliferated a certain religion or they instituted a religious tolerance policy within their empires. Music was a key factor for survival in many slave communities. Legitimized power over the Chinese since the Manchu were seen as foreigners. Give specific examples of states and what they did to support exploration. What factors caused the Columbian Exchange? The caraval, carrack and fluyt were all new technologies that helped countries increase their access to sea trade and travel. The empire was known for its strong military, which allowed it to conquer and expand its territory by conquering a number of neighboring states. (Caravanserai protection of trade routes, and an increase in control of those trade routes led to profit for the Ottoman Empire.). It was founded and ruled by a Muslim dynasty of Chaghatai Turco-Mongol origin, which claimed direct descent from both Timur, the Turco-Mongol conqueror, and Genghis Khan, via his son Chaghatai Khan. They also expanded trade which enriched the rulers. How did the Mughal Empire expand their empire? Lutherans and Calvinists did not attend. The Ming dynasty was well-known for its strong government, cultural achievements, and economic growth. It was founded in the late 13th century by Turkish tribes who converted to Islam in northwestern Anatolia. It was founded in the late 13th century by Turkish tribes who converted to Islam in northwestern Anatolia. Only the bible could lead you to salvation. 1453: Ottoman Conquest of Constantinople, Rise of the Ottoman Empire, 1471: Completion of the Sun Temple in Cuzco, rise of the Inca Empire, 1526: Guru Nanak founded the first Sikh Community, 1682: Palace of Versaille completed in France, 1707: Death of Emperor Aurangzeb, weakening of the Mughal Empire, New military weapons make wars more decisive, Increase in the size and number of Empires, Administrative systems more resources to expand, Collapse of Nomadic Empires room for landed empires to expand, Continued spread of major religions associated with empires. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Songhai Empire ruled over a large portion of West Africa. After Zheng Hes explorations, the Ming dynasty retreated into isolationist policies. The Songhai Empire declined in the late 16th century as a result of internal conflicts and Moroccan invasions. Label each word or phrase that is italicized to indicate its use in the sentence. They had numerous canals, causeways, and bridges and central walled area with palaces and temples. As the slave trade expanded, some African Kings participated and shared profits. Cultural syncretism is when cultures blend together and this occurred as slaves were traded back and forth. TheFrenchEmpiredeclinedinthenineteenthcentury. . They supported exploration by agricultural, manufactured, and animal products as well as supported slave trade. The Mughal Empire ruled over much of the Indian subcontinent at its peak, including modern-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and parts of Afghanistan. Give examples of how state expansion and centralization led to resistance from groups on a local level. Explain how the land-based empires of the 1450-1750 time period developed (what allowed them to obtain and maintain power): Historical Developments Imperial expansion relied on the increased use of gunpowder, cannons, and . Trade between Europe and Asia had to go through the Mediterranean, which was controlled by Italian city-states. Brutal Conquests in the 16th century. The term land-based empire--as it explicitly applies to AP World History--refers to empires which existed during the period 1450-1750. By the 1670s, the colonists and Natives had largely co-existed. These, Gunpowder technology was getting better, making it easier to use guns. Restrictions on women were softened and everyone had religious tolerance. The Russian Empire lasted from 1721 until the 1917 Russian Revolution. 2. The Aztec Empire is known for its cultural achievements and its sophisticated system of government and administration. Unit 3 study guides written by former AP World students to review Land-Based Empires, 1450-1750 with detailed explanations and practice questions. Their Sun God needed human blood so it would not descend into eternal darkness. Empires took people for slaves and traded their goods for wealth. What did the Protestant Reformation continue? In each of the given sentences, underline the relative pronoun and circle the word to which it refers. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Jewish communities faced increased, Jews of Spanish descent that migrated to North Africa and the Middle East are referred to as Sephardic. \text { Source of } \\ This site is using cookies under cookie policy . Bureaucracy/Military (ex: Ottoman devshirme, salaried samurai) The middle class included the military, scholars, and other bureaucratic groups. Explain how & why various land based empires developed & expanded from 1450-1750 Land empires included the Manchu in Central & East Asia; the Mughal in South & Central Asia; the Ottoman in Southern Europe, the Middle East, & North Africa; and the Safavids in the Middle East 1c. The Dutch Empire began to decline in the 19th century. An internal challenge to power comes from people within the state such as citizens, enslaved people, or colonies. William of Orange was backed by Protestants to overthrow him. This helped to further consolidate the shogunate's power and maintain stability throughout the country. Native American tribes in New England were some of the first indigenous communities to be displaced by British colonists. The fall of the Inca Empire marked the end of the pre-Columbian civilizations in South America and the beginning of the colonial period. What were the characteristics of the Manchu Qing Dynasty in China? The Spanish empire then used it as labor. It had a centralized, autocratic government and a diverse population that included Muslims, Christians, and Jews. The Aztec Empire, also known as the Mexica Empire, was a Mesoamerican empire that ruled over a large territory that included parts of modern-day Mexico and Central America from the 14th to the 16th century. It followed the Yuan Dynasty and preceded the Qing Dynasty. Queen Nzinga turned to the Dutch to help fend off the Portuguese. From the early sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth centuries, the Mughal Empire ruled South Asia. In the Ottoman Empire, they were Christian boys from the Balkans who were enslaved & educated to serve the state) helped to consolidate power by creating a very loyal bureaucracy and elite military (the Janissaries). During this time, Europeans stuck to themselves in trading posts and did not assert authority over land, but did overseas known as, Difference Between Land-Based and Maritime Empires, Divine Right of Kings (French Empire), Mandate of Heaven (China), Songhai Islam (Songhai), Devshirme System (Ottoman Empire), Samurai Warriors (Japan), Qing Dynasty (Restrictive Policy on Han Chinese), Spanish Empire (The Casta System), The Ottoman Empire (The Millet System), The Mughal Empire (Zamindar/Rajput System), The Portugese in Africa/India, The Dutch in Southeast Asia, The French in North America, The British in North America, The Spanish in North and South America. They had a large bureaucracy and had religious freedom but women had no rights. It showed his power and wealth. African Americans grandson of Babur who created a strong central government, officials selected in England to keep order, document that gave England a government based on a system of laws and a freely elected parliament, A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc. TheFrenchEmpirewasoneofthelargestandmostpowerfulempiresinhistory,withterritoriesinEurope,theAmericas,Africa,andAsiaatitspeak. Name the technology, its origins, and where it diffused. The Cossacks under Yemelyan Pugachev rebelled against, South Asia, which includes modern-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, has a majority population of Hindus and a strong minority of Muslims.