Corrections? Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. E) the polar cap of Mars. Long-period comets are believed to originally come from: The NEAR spacecraft actually landed on the asteroid ________ in February 2001. [73] The orbits of many of these planets and systems of planets differ significantly from the planets in the Solar System. Density is defined as According to modern science, where did these elements come from? The extrasolar planets are found mainly by observing the ________ shifts of their stars. According to the solar nebula theory, why is the Earth's orbit nearly in the plane of the sun's equator? b. caused by the Earth passing near the orbit of an Earthgrazing asteroid We would expect other planets beyond our own solar system to orbit the equators of their home The sun and planets formed from a single cloud that was slowly rotating. If the mergers happen too early runaway gas accretion may occur leading to the formation of a gas giant. According to modern science, which of the following best explains why the vast majority of the mass of our solar system consists of hydrogen and helium gas? Now maybe the Grand Tack with the assumption of mantle breaking impacts in the early days those first 10 millions years were heady times! Kant-Laplace nebular hypothesis | astronomy | Britannica A) more rocky. In essence, this theory states that the Sun, the planets, and all other. But the dust and gas are also the ingredients for the planets themselves. About 2% of our solar nebula consisted of elements besides hydrogen and helium. An interesting problem for terrestrial planets is the meter size problem (IIRC the name). (z > w): " << ! b) should be extremely rare. The largest asteroid, and probably the only one to be a spherical "world" is true false. d. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune only The first one is the disk instability model, where giant planets form in the massive protoplanetary disks as a result of its gravitational fragmentation (see above). E) meteoroids. [2] One hypothesis is that they initially accreted in the Jupiter-Saturn region, then were scattered and migrated to their present location. Relate meteor showers to comets; explain why most are annual events. According to the nebular theory of solar system formation, which law best explains why the solar nebula spun faster as it shrank in size? c.shearing forces What is not a line of evidence supporting the hypothesis that our Moon formed as a result of a giant impact? A) slower due to conservation of angular momentum. It is believed that the. Streaks of light made when small debris hits our atmosphere are called ________. The Solar System that we live in consists of a medium-size star (the Sun) with eight planets orbiting it. Both types of planet begun with planetesimals growing through the process of accretion, but only the jovian planets were able to capture hydrogen and helium gas from the solar nebula. C) Ida. [64] An additional difference is the composition of the planetesimals, which in the case of giant planets form beyond the so-called frost line and consist mainly of icethe ice to rock ratio is about 4 to 1. This could have been the result of a passing star, or shock waves from a supernova, but the end result was a gravitational collapse at the center of the cloud.. Neptune, Comet orbits all have ________ eccentricity compared to the asteroids, Most asteroid orbits lie between those of Mars and ________, A solid body from the outer solar system that arrives intact on the Earth's surface is called It would have collapsed gravitationally (the particles of the Nebula began to gather and compress). B) all lie less than 5 AU from the Sun. lie almost entirely beyond the orbit of Neptune. Our solar system was created from a dust and gas . This theory best accounts for the objects we currently find in the Solar System and the distribution of these objects.The Nebular Theory would have started with a cloud of gas and dust . [78] Alternatively gas accretion may be limited due to the envelopes not being in hydrostatic equilibrium, instead gas may flow through the envelope slowing its growth and delaying the onset of runaway gas accretion until the mass of the core reaches 15 Earth masses. E) a broken up cometary nucleus. A) the Earth's atmosphere interferes with our observations of transits. This causes increased gravitational attraction which in turn causes more matter to come together and vice versa. B) the interstellar medium. Possible Mercury bit at least Earth and Mars (and Moon) show late great impacts. e. cout << "x + y < z: " << (x + y < z) << endl; How many of the planets orbit the Sun in the same direction that Earth does? [81], Solar nebular model: achievements and problems, Formation of stars and protoplanetary disks, Compare it with the particle number density of the air at the sea level, The T Tauri stars are young stars with mass less than about 2.5. We say that the shape of a liquid is the same as the shape of its container. "Birth of the planets: The Earth and its fellow planets may be survivors from a time when planets ricocheted around the Sun like ball bearings on a pinball table", "Interactive Extra-solar Planets Catalog", "SPHERE Reveals Fascinating Zoo of Discs Around Young Stars", "Formation of protoplanet systems and diversity of planetary systems", "The evolution of viscous discs and the origin of the nebular variables", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, "What Puts The Brakes On Madly Spinning Stars? A number of possible mechanisms for this migration have been proposed. According to the nebular theory, how did the solar system form? D) in the Oort Cloud. Abe Mizrahi, Edward E. Prather, Gina Brissenden, Jeff P. Adams, Jeffrey O. Bennett, Mark Voit, Megan O. Donahue, Nicholas O. Schneider, Foundations of Astronomy plus The Night Sky Planisphere - Latitude 30- 40. The Solar Nebular Hypothesis The solar nebular hypothesis describes the formation of our solar system from a nebula cloud made from a collection of dust and gas. poster about urban heat island (geography), which of the following types of tectonic forces tend to squeeze and shorten a rock body? Meteoric material dates the formation of the solar system at about ________ billion years. A) Mars. Updates? c. the direction the comet is traveling The second most abundant element in the solar system is ________. However, it has only been within the past few centuries, with the Scientific Revolution, that the predominant theories have been empirical in nature. The sun and planets formed from a single cloud that was slowly rotating. [76] The in situ formation of closely orbiting super-Earths would require a massive disk, the migration of planetary embryos followed by collisions and mergers, or the radial drift of small solids from farther out in the disk. The study of star forming molecular clouds shows that same early, large stars form that way. E) sixty degrees ahead or behind Jupiter. The generally accepted model for the formation of the solar system is called the nebular hypothesis. According to the nebular theory of solar system formation, what key difference in their early formation explains why the jovian planets ended up so different from the terrestrial planets? In this treatise, he argued that gaseous clouds (nebulae) slowly rotate, gradually collapsing and flattening due to gravity and forming stars and planets. The Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, Astronomy, and Spaceflight - Nebular hypothesis, solar system: Differentiation into inner and outer planets, solar system: The Kant-Laplace nebular hypothesis. Solved Our solar system was created from a dust and gas - Chegg D) away from the Sun and becomes longest and brightest at perihelion. Ch. The hot-Jupiters and warm-Jupiters are thought to have migrated to their current orbits during or following their formation. E) should be randomly oriented to their star's equator. e. beyond Neptune, with orbits similar to Pluto's, b. sixty degrees ahead or behind Jupiter, sharing its orbit about the Sun. lower due to presence of a lot of ________. Pluto's orbit has a lower inclination to the ecliptic than any planet or dwarf planet, One characteristic of the terrestrial planets is their extensive moon systems, All the planet's orbits are evenly spaced, All the planets revolve around the Sun in the same direction, except for Venus and Uranus. A) most jovian satellites D) All of the above are true. The astronomy course I attended looked at the core collapse model of large planets. (z > w) << endl; C) some come from the Moon and Mars, as well as the asteroid belt. The catastrophic hypothesis is a hypothesis that states that our solar system formed thanks to a sudden and improbable event such as the collision of two stars. Objections to the collision theory more convincing than those against the nebular hypothesis were raised, however, especially as the latter was modified in the 1940s. E) older. D) beyond Neptune, with orbits similar to Pluto's. D) an irregularly shaped body, mostly found orbiting between Mars and Jupiter. These giant clouds are gravitationally precarious, and matter combines inside them to more modest denser clumps, which at that point rotate, collapse, and form stars. [19] It starts with planetesimals that undergo runaway growth, followed by the slower oligarchic stage. These stars have powerful solar winds. Nice overview, and I learned a lot. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you the Frost Line). However, between our current models of star and planet formation, and the birth of our Universe, we have come a long way. B) the Trojan asteroids. A) cometary debris. What is the origin of the atoms of hydrogen, oxygen, and sodium in the perspiration that exits your body during an astronomy exam? Omissions? The influence of gravitationally induced angular momentum transport on disk structure and appearance", "Accretion and the evolution of T Tauri disks", "X-rays and Fluctuating X-Winds from Protostars", "Emission-line diagnostics of T Tauri magnetospheric accretion. D) the core of a differentiated asteroid, now broken up. b. cout << "x != z: " << (x != z) << endl; Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Chapter 8 Concept Quiz Flashcards | Quizlet 15 II, III, IV Accretion is Ch. A) will revolve opposite the star's rotation. In the solar nebular theory, the dusty disk condensing around the Sun's equator became the B) noting the drop in the star's light as the planet transits its disk. [61] Such a region will eventually evolve into an asteroid belt, which is a full analog of the asteroid belt in the Solar System, located from 2 to 4AU from the Sun.[61][65]. c. the Earth The most distant objects in our solar system are: b. have masses 2-10 times that of the earth. Meteoric material dates the formation of the solar system at about ________ billion years. The solar nebula is a cloud of interstellar gas and dust that condensed to form the entire solar system, including the sun and planets. E) Stardust. Cometary dust tails lag behind the bluish ion tails as the comet rounds the Sun. This diagram represents the solar nebula early in its history and shows the location of the frost line. B) terrestrials with very elongated, distant orbits like comets. Another method is the Radial Velocity Methods, which looks for the periodic doppler shifts in the star's spectral lines as it moves about the center of mass. Because extrasolar planets are too close to their much brighter parent stars, observers cannot typically observe an extrasolar planet directly. According to our present theory of solar system formation, which statement about the growth of terrestrial and jovian planets is not true The jovian planets began from planetesimals made only of ice, while the terrestrial planets began from planetesimals made only of rock and metal. c. cometary debris Relative to the comet, the direction of the ion tail tells us D) faster due to conservation of angular momentum. As the sun collapsed to form, gas and dust particles in the nebula collided and slowly migrated toward the plane of rotation of the nebula.