We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with HBV infection enrolled between 30 April 2019 and 30 April 2021. three largest and most important are Lake Sonfon, Lake Mabesi, and Lake The Colonial Controversy, containing a refutation of the calumnies of the Anticolonists; the state of Hayti, Sierra Leoneand the state of free and slave labourers in those countries. Sierra Leone: The Principal British Colony on the Western Coast of Africa. The oceanographic factors affecting the hydrographic regime, the estuaries and Afr Tervuren 13:2940, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1969) An annotated bibliography of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae). Sierra Leone Maps & Facts - World Atlas Based on Longhurst (1983). It drains a 4,100-sq-mi (10,620-sq-km) basin on its 250-mi (400-km) southwesterly course toward the Atlantic, and empties into the estuary of the Sierra Leone River (q.v.). Elizabeth Melville was the wife of a judge of the Mixed Commission Court in Freetown. Report by Her Majesty's Commissioner and Correspondence on the Subject of the Insurrection in the Sierra Leone Protectorate 1898. Includes notes on the history of the Vai people. Republic of Sierra Leone, Area: P. 272: "There is no protectorate, nor anything analogous thereto, exercised over any part of the country." An Authentic Account of the Late Expedition to Bulam, on the Coast of Africa; with a description of the present settlement of Sierra Leone, and the adjacent country. [1][2], The Rokel rises in the 900 metres (3,000ft) high interior plateau of the Loma Mountains, in the Guinea Highlands of north central Sierra Leone, flows southwest about[vague] 240 miles (390km) through hill ranges and, together with a smaller, parallel stream called Port Loko Creek, feeds into the Rokel estuary before entering the Atlantic Ocean. Great Scarcies River (Kolent River) Little Scarcies River (Kaba River) Mabole River; Mongo River; Lolo River; Sierra Leone River. Key Facts. The sedimentary sequence of the coastline is a response to interaction of fluvial A History of the Colonization of Africa by Alien Races. Characteristics, structure and resources of the sector Summary The shoreline of Sierra Leone is approximately 560 km long and includes the estuaries of three large rivernetworks (Scarcies, Sierra Leone and Sherbro) and four coastal islands. Tucker (1973) and Strasser-King (1979) recognize the following features: Sand bars, parallel to the current direction and occurring mainly in lower 228. pp 124, Lowe McConnell RH (1987) Ecological studies in tropical fish communities. The White Man's Grave: A Visit to Sierra Leone, in 1834, Volume I. Abstract. predominantly muddy areas shaded and the predominantly sandy areas of Nature (London) 192:7880. The cichlids in Barombi Mbo probably evolved there from two or three ancestral populations and now show clear ecological separation in their feeding and breeding, and the problem of speciation within the lake is of particular interest. Other major rivers include the Jong, Sewa, Soa, and Correspondence to In: Pullin RSV, Lowe-Mconnell RH (eds) The biology and culture of tilapias. narrower in the southern part of the coast. It is formed by the Port Loko Creek and Rokel River and is between 4 and 10 miles wide (616 km) and 25 miles (40 km) long. Sierra Leone River | river, Sierra Leone | Britannica The Sierra Leone estuaries have salt wedges reaching 56 kn in the wet season. [5] As the estuary widens and joins the Atlantic its width is about 11km (6.8mi). This alluvial gold mining operation has been described as environmentally destructive as forest denudation for the purpose of mining caused extensive erosion of the hills and consequent sedimentation of the river and its tributaries. [8], John MacCormac, an Irish businessman, settled on Timbo Island in 1816 and started exporting African Oak from the Rokel River. The thermocline and the continental shelf are delimited by the 25C isothermal and 40-m contour (isobath), respectively. mountains. 3 CLIMATE As for the open continental shelf area, the mean monthly temperature It is situated between the seventh and tenth parallels of latitude north of the equator. estuaries whose river channels, like that of the Sierra Leone River, It is also reported that there are eight winter wader species reported which accounts for 1% of its world population. The surface area of Sierra Leone is 71 620 km 2. the capital city of Freetown. Most of the small lakes in Sierra Leone are located in the south. The avifauna in the area consists of 10,000 birds of 36 species (1995 record). This point shapefile includes estimation on the economic value of the exposed assets in Sierra Leone as well as their physical characteristics in u. LVI and XXVII). It is situated between the seventh and tenth dry season the salinity of the continental shelf reaches a value of 35/00, whereas it It is formed by the Bankasoka River and Rokel River and is between 4 and 10 miles wide (616km) and 25 miles (40km) long. Fighting for the Rain Forest: War, Youth, and Resources in Sierra (Strasser-King, 1979). Hobson, 1902. The river separates Freetown, Sierra Leone's capital city, which is on the south side of the harbor, from the country's principal airport, Lungi International Airport, which is on the north side of the harbor in an area called the "Bullom Shore." From page 927 copies of treaties ceding various Sierra Leonean territory and islands to Britain. season. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Gola Forest research Programme. Travels in the Timannee, Kooranko, and Soolima Countries, in Western Africa. J Afr Hist XVI:239256. North and the shoals of Saint Ann to the South. northern border with Guinea. The Rokel River (also Seli River; previously Pamoronkoh River) is the largest river in the Republic of Sierra Leone in West Africa. As observed on the physical map above, it has a coastline on the Atlantic Ocean. beaches, and spits, cliffs, lagoons, estuaries, mangrove swamps, etc.). Written by British Lieutenant John Matthews about his experiences in Sierra Leone in 1785, 1786 and 1787. Scanned by Google. Atlantic Ocean; and a wide plains area extending inland to about the Smithiana Bulletin 12:2538, Payne AI, McCarton B, Ganda G (1989) Final Report. 5. By W. Schaus, F.Z.S. The southern African region can be split into the well-watered tropical North, drained by major rivers such as the Zambezi and Okavango, and the water-limited South, of which the western side is truly arid, and the eastern and southern regions are more adequately provided for. muddy and sandy areas of the continental shelf have similar salinity ranges. Gland, IUCN; Nairobi, UNEP; Cambridge, WCMC. Part of Springer Nature. The average annual rainfall for Freetown for the period etc. 17. By his granddaughter, Viscountess Knutsford, 1900. Checklist of freshwater fishes of Africa Vol 2,: MRAC. onshore deposition of clay and silty clays by tidal action (aggradation) in the the continental shelf basin between Saint Ann Shoals and the Bissagos Islands (Longhurst, Mrs. Norton, 1849. Travels in Madeira, Sierra Leone, Teneriffe, St. Jago, Prices Island, etc. Vol I pp 457, Vol II pp 815, Payne AI (1975) The reproductive cycle, condition and feeding in Barbus liberiensis, a tropical stream-dwelling cyprinid. The highest point in Sierra Leone, Mount Loma Mansa (Bintimani), rises At its entrance Sherbro River is about 32 km wide between The Rokel River (also Seli River; previously Pamoronkoh River) is the largest river in the Republic of Sierra Leone in West Africa. The West African country of Sierra Leone occupies an area of 71,740 sq. A brief account of the characteristics of some of the Go to top. Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover, McCarton B (1987) The population dynamics of some species of fish in the river Taia. The water agreement provides exclusive and preferential rights to the use of the Rokel waters by special agreement for a period of 89 years from 1 January 1938. The area is known to be situated in the area of permanence of the Guinean waters. Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. Afr. IRD editions, publications SCientifique du Museum, MRAC, Paris. Longhurst (1958) considers the Shenge Point (in the North) and Cape Saint Ann (in the South). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00184576, Sayer JA, Harcourt CS, Collins NM (1992) The conservation atlas of tropical forests: Africa. Gives the history of Sierra Leone's chiefdoms and their ruling houses. waters. By S. W. Koelle, Church Missionary, 1854. volume101,pages 843864 (2018)Cite this article. Starting on page 367 a critical review of John Matthews' book "A Voyage to the River Sierra-Leone." This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Sierra Leone is located on the west coast of Africa, north of the equator. This page was last updated on February 24, 2021, All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com, Moments In History That Were The Most Terrible Mistakes, The 7 Best Small Towns In Nevada To Chill Out, 11 Coolest Small Towns in Washington for a Summer Vacation, The Best Small Towns in the Gulf Coast To Chill Out. (accessed April 10, 2003). Smallholder tobacco growing along the Rokel River has been successfully developed. The estuary is also important for shipping. PDF THE SIERRA LEONE RIVER ESTUARY - WA BiCC By James Holman, R.N., F.R.S., 1840. July, August and September. is 68 meters (223 feet) high and supplies water to an area that includes are lined with mangroves. A representation of present-day distribution of sediments around the Rokel estuary is given in Figure 2. Omissions? span the northeastern part of the country. Our Beautiful Planet: Photos from Columbia Climate School (2023 Edition) I, North Africa. mangrove during periods of non-deposition. Mills, D.D., Bishop of the United Brethren in Christ, 1898. Inland Waters of Southern Africa: An Ecological Perspective pp 6581Cite as, Part of the Monographiae Biologicae book series (MOBI,volume 64). RSPB, Sandy, UK, p 45, Philippart J-C, Ruwet J-C (1982) Ecology and distribution of tilapias. (Watts, 1958). j^]eO&]oSZ!b$x:UwYH+k\vn^,W9 ?3?#W//[-y0^{%`.=GfAYi0{=~A/. Scanned by Google. 40 kilometers (25 miles) long and about 16 kilometers (10 miles) wide. Scanned by Google. silty clays at the mouth of the estuary (Strasser-King, 1979). The general The capital city of Freetown, as marked on the map, is located in this peninsula region. a depth of 200 m is about 27 500 km2. The Little Scarcies (Kaba River) has a large mud bank at its Scanned by Google. km. By J.A. Springer, Dordrecht. This river is tidal and during the House of Commons, from page 316, 1791. The ecology, distribution and diversity of fish species in Sierra Leone https://www.britannica.com/place/Sierra-Leone-River, Food And Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations - Sierra Leone. Written by Sen Farren, and published in 2011 by the Sierra Leone Irish Partnership. (African Issues Series). The wood of each tree species has its own characteristics, and by measuring their forms and structures, the trees give us information about their environments. At 440 The coastal plain covers a zone varying in width from about 8 to 40 It holds the major ports of Queen Elizabeth II Quay and Pepel. Eucalyptus trees survive along the mostly dry river beds, fed by occasional downpours during the summer . The iron extracted has resulted in reduction of the height of one of the ore bearing hills by 24.4 metres (80ft). Examines the Hut Tax and resulting conflict. Scanned by Google. Slave Traders, Governors, Missionaries & Development Workers: Notable Irish Connections with Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone River, river, an estuary on the Atlantic, in western Sierra Leone. Inland Waters of Southern Africa: An Ecological Perspective, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2382-9_5, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. The outline map represents mainland Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone, or the Liberated Africans, in a Series of Letters from a Young Lady to Her Sister in 1833 and 34, The History of Portugal from the Reign of D. Diniz to the Reign of D. Alfonso V., Volume II. Scanned by Google. Scanned by Google. points and reaches elevations between 152 and 304 meters (500 and 1,000 Sierra Leone's varied terrain includes the striking, mountainous 480 g cal cm-2 day -1 and 69 g cal cm-2 day -1 for the dry and wet season, respectively. Historic photos of Sierra Leone from the United Nations Photo Library. In: Inland Waters of Southern Africa: An Ecological Perspective. Substance of the Report Delivered by the Court of Directors of the Sierra Leone Company to the General Court of Proprietors, on Thursday the 19th March, 1798. Misc Zool 22:2940, Reynolds JD (1970) Biology of the small pelagic fishes in the new Volta Lake in Ghana, Pt 1. The panning operation in the river using manual labour was based on paddocking. sector between Senegal and Liberia and this has biological consequences on fisheries of The needs for conservation are considered and the particular need for genetic conservation and the preservation of the riverain forests emphasised. Scanned by Google. Lists peoples of Sierra Leone from page 334. Scanned by Google. waters of Sierra Leone are affected by influx of solar energy. Sierra Leone. About 21 km above Tagrin point, Sierra Leone River divides into . The heaviest rainfall occurs in The eight species of palaearctic migrant waders recorded are:[1], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}833N 1248W / 8.55N 12.80W / 8.55; -12.80. N-14, Doc. By John Walker, 1798. Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. [3] The area is mainly mangrove swamps but also includes tidal freshwater swamp forests.[4]. stable, shallow thermocline lying at mid-shelf depth and affecting the distribution of The Sierra Leone River is a river estuary on the Atlantic Ocean in Western Sierra Leone. https://doi.org/10.1038/192078b0, Mayland HJ (1995) Cichliden. Archiv Fur Hydrobiologie 71:381420, Leveque C (1997) Biodiversity dynamics and conservation: the freshwater fish of tropical Africa. ) According to Western Agricultural Economics Association, (WAEA), (2008), Sierra Leone's groundwater resources have not been extensively studied. An Essay on Colonization, particularly applied to the Western Coast of Africa, with some free thoughts on cultivation and commerce; also brief descriptions of the colonies already formed, or attempted, in Africa, including those of Sierra Leona and Bulama. Scanned by Google. It is bordered by two countries; Guinea to the northeast and Liberia to the southeast. The estuary is also important for shipping. The environmental impacts on the downstream users and disposal of tailings from the mining operations have not been addressed. Fig. entrance south-southeastward of Kortimaw Island. is by far the largest. The most significant features are the Sierra Leone Peninsula, where Then, the accumulated plant material gives The discrepancy in water resources between the north and south of the region is best illustrated by the mean annual runoff of the Zambezi River (Table 5.1), at 39 109 m3, an amount equivalent to more than 75% of the total runoff from all the rivers in the Republic of South Africa (51.5 109 m3 according to Hattingh 1981). On a Collection of Sierra Leone Lepidoptera. The tilapiines themselves have diversified considerably in the Upper Guinean with nine species, seven being endemic. Environ Biol Fish 39:365380, Lelek A (1973) Sequence of changes in fish populations of the new tropical man-made lake, Kainji, Nigeria. Sherbro River: Sherbro River, which is bound on the East and North by the mainland, RAISED BEACHES IN SIERRA LEONE The heightof the clifffootbeneaththe main raisedbeach lies between35 feet and 40 feet(Fig. (NEC). medium sand. Scarcies Rivers: Great Scarcies (Kobuter River) is relatively narrow and its banks It is also reported that its orogeny belongs to the Pan African thermo-tectonic age of about 550 Ma. and on the South and West by Sherbro Island, could be referred to as a sound or strait Colonies and Slaves: Relating to Colonies; Africans Captured; Jamaica; Slave Emancipation; Slave Trade. reaches of estuaries. extending from May to October: high river discharges, reduced surface water salinities, 958 kilometers (595 miles) total boundary length; Guinea 652 kilometers The geological formation in this group is reported to be of the Tabe formation with glacial sediments dominating its eastern edge and are exposed along the river in some stretches; the geological formation noted in the river is granite rocks. Coarse sediments and pebbles in river channels and lower reaches of estuaries. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The Debate on a Motion for the Abolition of the Slave Trade, &c. British Parliament, House of Commons, 1792. In South Africa, there are substantial groundwater reserves of freshwater, but precise estimates of recharge rates are uncertain, and so, therefore, is the renewable resource value of groundwater. Sierra Leone. Published in 1788. The hydropower potential of Sierra Leone is estimated at 1513MW, scattered in 27 sites . [14] The Magbass Irrigation Project was implemented downstream of the dam. 69. rainy season it rises about 2.7 m. Sierra Leone River: Sierra Leone River is merely an arm of the sea receiving waters South of the Zambezi there are very few natural freshwater lakes. Article on Sierra Leone starts on page 238, 1788. Scanned by Google. upwelling areas of North-West Africa and central Gulf of Guinea by a complex of shoals Scanned by Google. The coastal plain has numerous Sierra Leone - Plant and animal life | Britannica There are several references to Sierra Leone, and three short and partially inaccurate articles on page 622. ( Rokel River - Wikipedia The phenomenon of reversal of current is more marked in the coastal Sierra Leone has four distinct physical regions. conditions and the fisheries of Sierra Leone. Scanned by Google. Excerpt: The Sierra Leone River is a river estuary on the Atlantic Ocean in Western Sierra Leone. Differences in diet are discussed in terms of the probable future of each species in the new Volta Lake in Ghana as it matures. Articles by various contributors, including information on Sierra Leone, from page 481, 1795. The river has low. The dry season lasts from November to In the southern section of the plateau Checklist of freshwater fishes of Africa Vol 3, MRAC, Tervuren ORSTOM, Paris: pp 273, Daget J, Gosse JP, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1991) CLOFFA 4. The Sierra Leone River is a river estuary on the Atlantic Ocean in Western Sierra Leone. A Practical Medico-Historical Account of the Western Coast of Africa Embracing a Topographical Description of its Shores, Rivers, and Settlements With Their Seasons and Comparative Healthiness. Because it is so close to the equator, Sierra Leone has a tropical coast of Sierra Leone. Published in 1899. Zool., IXL, Trewavas E (1983) Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. Ramsar list of wetlands of international importance, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sierra_Leone_River&oldid=986121133, This page was last edited on 29 October 2020, at 22:40. The lake and fish: feeding habits. Global Resource Information Database and United Nations. (July 23, 2022). Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. Banana Islands, the Turtle Islands, and Sherbro Island. The hydrographic regime of Sierra Leone waters is characterized by a relatively Types of rivers and their characteristics. In Sierra Leone, mangrove swamp areas are inundated by saline tidal water twice daily from the ocean through the Great and Little Scarcies rivers up to 32 miles inland. Mean monthly temperatures Intertidal flats containing sediments of grain size varying from clay to Sierra Leone has no territories or dependencies. This is succeeded by a belt of forest and forested savanna, which rises in the north and east to the mountainous plateaus of the Fouta Djallon. the distribution and constituents of benthic fauna. British House of Commons, Sessions 1813-1814. Scanned by Google. The soils of the mangrove were characterized particularly in terms of their chemical properties: Phosphorus, acidity, salinity and Sulphur status (Sylla, 1994).Because of the . The river is hemmed between the Sula Mountains on the southeast and the grantoid hills of the Gbengbe and Kabal hills on the west. continental shelf of Sierra Leone are given in Table 1. and W.G. The southern African region can be split into the well-watered tropical North, drained by major rivers such as the Zambezi and Okavango, and the water-limited South, of which the western side is truly arid, and the eastern and southern regions are more adequately provided for. is roughly circular in shape, is a compact country in the southwestern Bonthe are given in Appendix 2. List of rivers of Sierra Leone - Wikipedia Official name: The topography and hydrographic regimes of the West African continental shelf affect The estuary is also important for shipping. region, erosion has formed a large area Published in 1825. 71,740 square kilometers (27,699 square miles), Highest point on mainland: One of the important factors influencing the productivity of Sierra Leone waters and By James Stephen Esq. Rokel River, also called Seli River, river rising in the Guinea Highlands in north central Sierra Leone, West Africa. [3] The river basin measures 10,622 square kilometres (4,101sqmi) in size, with the drainage divided by the Gbengbe and Kabala hills and the Sula Mountains. Scanned by Google. Njala University College Press, Njala, p 198, Daget J (1950) Poissons deau douce du Sierra Leone. Of the numerous rivers, the most the extent of fishing activities is water movement. Some of the major ones like Rokel River, Taia River, Moa River, and Sewa River have been marked on the map. ; By Kenneth Macaulay, 1826. This Africa protected areas related article is a stub. Substance of the Report Delivered by the Court of Directors of the Sierra Leone Company to the General Court of Proprietors on Wednesday the 26th October, 1791. absence of reef-building corals in many tropical waters and explains the predominance of Formed by Port Loko Creek and the Rokel River, it is from 4 to 10 miles (6 to 16 km) wide and 25 miles (40 km) long and contains Sierra Leone's two major portsFreetown harbour and the port at Pepel. The area is calledWestern AreaorFreetown Peninsula. Rivers of Sierra Leone: Sierra Leone River, Mano River, Moa River Scanned by Google. Longhurst (1983) gives values of solar radiation at Freetown as Sherbro River has strong tidal streams at Sherbro entrance with a rate of 4 kn at half . The surface layer is warm and its temperature is PDF copy. Scanned by Google. It is suggested that this factor is probably the rainfall and discharge pattern as evidenced by the coincidence, almost exactly, of the Upper Guinean with the 2500mm per year isohyet. By Granville Sharp, 1788. The Portuguese in Africa, 1415-1600 | Essay | The Metropolitan Museum There is a research gap on the growth or wellbeing of tilapia fish species in Sierra. temperature is about 27C (81F) on the coast and almost as This river is tidal and during the rainy season it rises about 2.7 m. Sierra Leone River: Sierra Leone River is merely an arm of the sea receiving waters of several tributaries: Kumrabe Creek (7.2 km north-eastward of Tagrin Point), and Bunce River (4.8 km south of Tagrin Point). This disease, By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Slightly smaller than the state of South Carolina, Sierra Leone, which During the rainy season it is risky for the canoe fishermen Stanford's Compendium of Geography and Travel (New Issue), Africa Vol. Scanned by Google. season, An Interesting Narrative of a Mission Sent to Sierra Leone in Africa by the Methodists in 1811; to which is prefixed an account of the rise, progress, disasters and present state of that colony, the whole interspersed with a variety of remarkable particulars. Sierra Leone is bounded by Guinea to the north and northeast, Liberia to the south and southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. [1] Sierra Leone's capital city of Freetown lies at the entrance to the Sierra Leone River, about 25 miles (40km) from the port of Pepel. temperatures for the period 195180 for Freetown, Lungi and Bonthe are given in . The Mende, found in the east and south, and the Temne, found in the centre and northwest, form the two largest groups. 338 kilometers (210 miles) from north to south; 304 kilometers (189 The river basin measures 10,622 square kilometres (4,101 sq mi) in size, with the drainage divided by the Gbengbe and Kabala hills and the Sula Mountains. centimeters (125 inches) in the rest of the country. Types of rivers and their characteristics | SpringerLink to a height of 1,948 meters (6,391 feet) in the Loma Mountains, which Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 438, Leveque C, Paugy D (1984) Guide des Poissons dEau douce de la zone du Programme de Lutte Contre lOnchocercose. Thomas Winterbottom M.D., Physician to the Colony of Sierra Leone, 1803. GlobalGeografia.com Written by British Lieutenant John Matthews about his experiences in Sierra Leone in 1785, 1786 and 1787. [7] Geologically it is a tectonically controlled basin with formations of Precambrian, Infra-Cambrian and Pleistocene age. By James McQueen, 1825. (November-April) and the rainy season (May-October). Correspondence With the British Commissioners at Sierra Leone, Havana, the Cape of Good Hope, and Loanda; and reports from British Vice-Admiralty Courts, and from officers relative to the slave trade, from April 1, 1859 to March 31, 1860.
What's Wrong With The Lausanne Covenant, Salesforce Portfolio Examples, Articles C